Graves disease, hot nodules, and toxic multinodular goiters are the most common causes of persistent hyperthyroidism.
The treatments for all three high-uptake hyperthyroid conditions are almost identical. The endocrinologists at Houston Thyroid and Endocrine will take the time to explain what may be the best treatment option tailored to each patient's circumstances.
Feature | Graves | Hot nodule | Toxic multinodular goiter | Age of onset | Peak age 40 years | 40-50 years in iodine deficient areas | >50 years with nodular goiter in iodine deficient areas | Prevalence | 2% in areas of normal iodine intake | 10% in iodine deficient areas | 50% in iodine deficient areas | Cause | Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins | Activating mutation in the TSH receptor | Activating mutation in the TSH receptor | Cardiac changes | Heat intolerance, tremor, fast heart rates. Possible autoimmune valve disease. | Milder than Graves with mostly arrhythmias | Milder than Graves. Most patients already with underlying heart disease so atrial fibrillation can be first manifestation of subclinical or overt hyperthyroidism |
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